Cleverbot Chats Like a Human

Cleverbot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Cleverbot is an AI web application that learns how to mimic human conversations by communicating with humans. It was created by AI veteran Rollo Carpenter, who also created Jabberwacky, a similar web application. In the first decade of its existence after being created in 1988, Cleverbot held several thousand conversations with Carpenter and his associates. Since being launched on the web in 1997, the number of conversations has exceeded 65 million.^[2]
  
  
• Cleverbot, a learning Artificial Intelligence conversationalist, took part alongside humans in a formal Turing Test at the Techniche 2011 festival at IIT Guwahati, India on the 3rd of September. The results from 1,334 votes were announced September 4th 2011. Cleverbot was judged to be 59.3% human, far exceeding expectations. The humans in the event achieved just 63.3%.
  

PopSci's Future Of: Cleverbot : Video : Science Channel



How the Cleverbot computer chats like a human - Technology & science - Science - LiveScience - msnbc.com

• So what magnificent algorithm lies in the gearbox of this brilliant machine, which can seem more human than not? How have its programmers equipped it with so much conversational, contextual and factual knowledge? 
• The answer is very simple: crowdsourcing. As the chatbot's designer, Rollo Carpenter, put it in a video explainer produced by PopSci.com, "You can call it a conversational Wikipedia if you like."

• The key to Cleverbot's success is that it doesn't respond solely on the basis of the last thing typed, but keeps track of words and phrases that have come up in the conversation already. As Carpenter explained, "It looks back to the whole conversation and says, there are maybe tens of thousands of people who have maybe responded to 'how are you?' in the past; which of those tens of thousands of responses is most suitable to use this time?" [How Do Calculators Calculate?]

AI vs. AI. Two chatbots talking to each other - YouTube

Related

• Software tricks people into thinking it is human - tech - 06 September 2011 - New Scientist
• Cleverbot.com - a clever bot - speak to an AI with some Actual Intelligence?
• Two Chatbots Talk With Each Other, Awkward Hilarity Ensues | Geekosystem
• Cleverbot Passes Turing Test, Sits Down for Interview | Geekosystem

NELL: Never-Ending Language Learning -- A Computer System that Learns to Read The Web

Smarter Than You Think - Aiming to Learn as We Do, A Machine Teaches Itself - NYTimes.com

Since the start of the year, a team of researchers at Carnegie Mellon University — supported by grants from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Google, and tapping into a research supercomputing cluster provided by Yahoo — has been fine-tuning a computer system that is trying to master semantics by learning more like a human. Its beating hardware heart is a sleek, silver-gray computer — calculating 24 hours a day, seven days a week — that resides in a basement computer center at the university, in Pittsburgh. The computer was primed by the researchers with some basic knowledge in various categories and set loose on the Web with a mission to teach itself.

The Never-Ending Language Learning system, or NELL, has made an impressive showing so far. NELL scans hundreds of millions of Web pages for text patterns that it uses to learn facts, 390,000 to date, with an estimated accuracy of 87 percent. These facts are grouped into semantic categories — cities, companies, sports teams, actors, universities, plants and 274 others. The category facts are things like “San Francisco is a city” and “sunflower is a plant.”

Collected from: Smarter Than You Think - Aiming to Learn as We Do, A Machine Teaches Itself - NYTimes.com

Meet NELL. See NELL Run, Teach NELL How To Run (Demo, TCTV)

Collected from: Meet NELL. See NELL Run, Teach NELL How To Run (Demo, TCTV)

Read the Web :: Carnegie Mellon University

NELL: Never-Ending Language Learning

Browse the Knowledge Base!

  Can computers learn to read? We think so. "Read the Web" is a research project that attempts to create a computer system that learns over time to read the web. Since January 2010, our computer system called NELL (Never-Ending Language Learner) has been running continuously, attempting to perform two tasks each day:

• First, it attempts to "read," or extract facts from text found in hundreds of millions of web pages (e.g., playsInstrument(George_Harrison, guitar)).
• Second, it attempts to improve its reading competence, so that tomorrow it can extract more facts from the web, more accurately.

As of October 2010, NELL has acquired a knowledge base of nearly 440,000 beliefs that it has read from various web pages. It is not perfect, but NELL is learning. You can track NELL's progress, browse and download its knowledge base, and read more about our technical approach.

Collected from: Read the Web :: Carnegie Mellon University

Sources

Smarter Than You Think - Aiming to Learn as We Do, A Machine Teaches Itself - NYTimes.com

Meet NELL. See NELL Run, Teach NELL How To Run (Demo, TCTV)

Read the Web :: Carnegie Mellon University

Related

OUPblog » Blog Archive » It’s alive! New computer learns language like a human, almost.

Read the Web :: Project Overview

Read the Web :: Publications

Read the Internet, Speak English : Universe

News at Seven Virtual Newscast

clipped from www.popsci.com

A.I. Anchors Replace Human Reporters In Newsroom of the Future

A.I. Anchors Engineers at Northwestern have created an entire newsroom operation using artificial intelligence, even using avatars to anchor the evening news.

clipped from infolab.northwestern.edu

Projects News At Seven

News At Seven is a system that automatically generates a virtual news show.

Totally autonomous, it collects, parses, edits and organizes news stories and then passes the formatted content to artificial anchors for presentation. Using the resources present on the web, the system goes beyond the straight text of the news stories to also retrieve relevant images and blogs with commentary on the topics to be presented.

Once it has assembled and edited its material, News At Seven presents the content to its audience using avatars and text-to-speech (TTS) technology in a manner similar to the nightly news watched regularly by millions of Americans. The result is a cohesive, compelling performance that successfully combines techniques of modern news programming with features made by possible only by the fact that the system is, at its core, completely virtual.

clipped from www.youtube.com

News at Seven

Kris Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science, and his research group have developed a new automated newscast, called News at Seven.

clipped from www.youtube.com

Virtual Newscast: News at Seven

Sources:

1. A.I. Anchors Replace Human Reporters In Newsroom of the Future | Popular Science
2. Intelligent Information Laboratory @ Northwestern University - Projects - News At Seven
3. YouTube - News at Seven
4. YouTube - Virtual Newscast: News at Seven

Related:

1. Virtual News Cast – Are Any Journalists Safe From Automation? (videos) | Singularity Hub
2. nsf.gov - Special Report - Science Nation
3. YouTube - NewsAtSeven's Channel
4. Watch coverage of EECS project “News at Seven” from WTTW
5. New newscast offers virtual anchor, personalized content
6. YouTube - Movie Review

Watson -- IBM's Question and Answering System

Clipped from: Computer Program to Take On ‘Jeopardy!’ - NYTimes.com

Computer Program to Take On ‘Jeopardy!’

I.B.M. plans to announce Monday that it is in the final stages of completing a computer program to compete against human “Jeopardy!” contestants. If the program beats the humans, the field of artificial intelligence will have made a leap forward.

Clipped from: Artificial intelligence's next frontier: Jeopardy | Between the Lines | ZDNet.com

Artificial intelligence's next frontier: Jeopardy

Watson will be competing against humans on Jeopardy, the popular quiz show. IBM is hoping that Watson will be able to understand complex questions—presumably from Alex Trebek—and answer them fast enough to compete with humans.

The knowledge part of Jeopardy—history, culture, science and other topics—can be packed into Watson. What’s unclear is whether the system can get all the nuances of the clues.

Dave Ferrucci, IBM scientist and Watson project director, with his baby.

Clipped from: YouTube - IBM "Watson" System to Challenge Humans at Jeopardy!

Clipped from: IBM - Research: Jeopardy!

“Question Answering” is technology's next grand challenge

IBM's computing system — called a Question Answering (QA) system among computer scientists — has been under development for nearly two years. With the April 27 announcement, IBM's researchers plan to put it to the test in a machine versus human contest on the gold-standard quiz show. And, officials from Jeopardy! announced plans to produce a human vs. machine contest on the renowned show.

Code-named "Watson," the IBM computing system is being designed to rival the human mind's ability to determine precise answers to natural language questions and to compute accurate confidences in the answers. According to Dr. David Ferrucci, leader of the project team, "The confidence processing ability is key to winning at Jeopardy! and is critical to implementing useful business applications of Question Answering."

Watson will also incorporate massively parallel analytical capabilities and, just like human competitors, Watson will not be connected to the Internet or have any other outside assistance.

Clipped from: IBM - The DeepQA Project - United States

Competing at Jeopardy! is just the first step

As difficult as it will be for the Watson computing system to compete on the leading quiz show for brainy humans, the ultimate test will be to move beyond the Jeopardy! Challenge. The goal is to have computers start to interact in natural human terms across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify.

[...]

Moving beyond the Jeopardy! competition, automatic Question Answering will help drive the future of business intelligence, analytics and information management, so that business and government decision makers will have the most cutting-edge capabilities for finding the precise information they need from the mountains of data they produce.

Sources:

1. Computer Program to Take On ‘Jeopardy!’ - NYTimes.com
2. Artificial intelligence's next frontier: Jeopardy | Between the Lines | ZDNet.com
3. YouTube - IBM "Watson" System to Challenge Humans at Jeopardy!
4. IBM - Research: Jeopardy!
5. IBM - The DeepQA Project - United States

Related:

1. IBM Press room - 2009-04-27 IBM Developing Computing System to Challenge Humans on America’s Favorite Quiz Show, Jeopardy! - United States
2. IBM - DeepQA Project
3. IBM Research

The Robot Scientist

Clipped from: Robot scientist makes discoveries without human help - tech - 02 April 2009 - New Scientist

Robot scientist makes discoveries without human help

A robot scientist that can generate its own hypotheses and run experiments to test them has made its first real scientific discoveries

Dubbed Adam, the robot is the handiwork of researchers at Aberystwyth University and the University of Cambridge in the UK. All by itself it discovered new functions for a number of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aka brewer's yeast.

Clipped from: Robo-scientist makes gene discovery--on its own | Crave - CNET

Robo-scientist makes gene discovery--on its own

Adam (shown in background) may not look like its two colleagues in the white coats, but it's starting to act like them.

Clipped from: BBC NEWS | Science & Environment | Robo-scientist's first findings

Robo-scientist's first findings

Robotic planning

Adam can carry out up to 1,000 experiments each day, and was designed to investigate the function of genes in yeast cells - it has worked out the role of 12 of these genes.

Biologists use the yeast cells to investigate biological systems because they are simple and easy to study.

"When you sequence the yeast genome - the 6,000 different genes contained in yeast - you know what all the component parts are, but you don't know what they do," explained Professor King.
The robot was able to work out the role of the genes by observing yeast cells as they grew.

Clipped from: Robot Makes Scientific Discovery All by Itself | Wired Science from Wired.com

Robot Makes Scientific Discovery All by Itself

[...] with advances in artificial intelligence, it's conceivable that the role of robots would, in the more distant future, creep deeper into the human realm, progressing from lab technician to lab head. Robots may even be capable of performing supposed acts of genius, such as Einstein's conception of special relativity.

"There isn't any intrinsic reason why that wouldn't happen," says King. "I think there's a continuum between the really basic types of science that you'd get from Adam, and the things I can do, and then Einstein-type science. A computer can make beautiful chess moves, but it's not doing anything special. It's just doing more of the same thing. In my view that's what's going to happen in science."

Clipped from: The Department of Computer Science at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth ::

Computational Biology Group and Wolfson Bioinformatics Unit

Our aim is to do innovative research in both computer science and biological science by developing computing and artificial intelligence techniques for application to important biological problems. An essential component in this multidisciplinary field is our close collaboration with the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, and with other key research groups.

Projects

...
Robot Scientist
...

Clipped from: The Robot Scientist

The Robot Scientists are multidisciplinary research projects involving expertise from Computer Science and Microbiology, and are projects of the Computational Biology research group at the Aberystwyth University. We currently have two Robot Scientists, Adam (investigating yeast functional genomics) and Eve (investigating drug screening).

• Home
• Introduction
• Pictures
• Video
• Technology
• Results

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Related:

Robot scientist makes discoveries without human help - tech - 02 April 2009 - New Scientist

Robot scientist makes discoveries without human help - video 18393346001 - tech - 02 April 2009 - New Scientist

Robo-scientist makes gene discovery--on its own | Crave - CNET

BBC NEWS | Science & Environment | Robo-scientist's first findings

Robot Makes Scientific Discovery All by Itself | Wired Science from Wired.com

Robot scientist 'Adam' solves genetic problems - Times Online

Robot scientists can think for themselves | Global Industries | Health & Drugs | Reuters

Robot Scientist Becomes First Machine To Discover New Scientific Knowledge

The Department of Computer Science at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth ::

The Robot Scientist

The Automation of Science -- King et al. 324 (5923): 85 -- Science

Computer discovers trends and data structures

Examples

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Clipped from: Can computers sort data like humans? | Emerging Technology Trends | ZDNet.com


According to U.S. researchers, it is possible to train computers to discover trends and order in large datasets like we do since our childhood. The new algorithm, which was developed at the MIT, may impact the field of artificial intelligence



[...] two examples of data structures automatically discovered by computers. On the top, you can see structures learned from biological features, while on the bottom are represented structures learned from Euclidean distances between faces represented as pixel vectors. (Credit: Kemp and Tenenbaum).

Research

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Clipped from: MIT model helps computers sort data more like humans - MIT News Office

MIT news

MIT model helps computers sort data more like humans

Humans have a natural tendency to find order in sets of information, a skill that has proven difficult to replicate in computers. Faced with a large set of data, computers don't know where to begin -- unless they're programmed to look for a specific structure, such as a hierarchy, linear order, or a set of clusters.

Now, in an advance that may impact the field of artificial intelligence, a new model developed at MIT can help computers recognize patterns the same way that humans do. The model, reported earlier this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, can analyze a set of data and figure out which type of organizational structure best fits it.

"Instead of looking for a particular kind of structure, we came up with a broader algorithm that is able to look for all of these structures and weigh them against each other," said Josh Tenenbaum, an associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and senior author of the paper.

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Clipped from: Josh Tenenbaum's home page

Josh Tenenbaum

Paul E. Newton Career Development Professor
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Clipped from: Charles Kemp

Charles Kemp

Assistant Professor at CMU's Department of Psychology.

Kemp, C., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2008). The discovery of structural form. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105(31), 10687-10692. Supporting information. Commentary by K. J. Holyoak. Code and data sets.

Related:

Model Helps Computers Sort Data More Like Humans
Blogging the Singularity » Blog Archive » Model Helps Computers Sort Data More Like Humans
ScienceDirect - Trends in Cognitive Sciences : Probabilistic models of cognition: Conceptual foundations

iCub A Robot with Artificial Intelligence

Robots developed on the iCub platform have technologies for – grasping, locomotion, interaction, and even language-action association – these are of great relevance to further advances in the field of industrial service robotics.

clipped from robotland.blogspot.com iCub robot learns baby talk iCub will be the first robot in the world which will learn, think and talk like a human with help of specialists who research how parents teach children to speak. Over the next four years robotics experts in the European ITALK project will work with language development. The experiments with the iCub robot will include activities such as inserting objects of various shapes into the corresponding holes in a box, serialising nested cups and stacking wooden blocks. clipped from www.tech.plym.ac.uk The ITALK project aims to develop artificial embodied agents able to acquire complex behavioural,cognitive, and linguistic skills through individual and social learning. This will be achieved through experiments with the iCub humanoid robot to learn to handle and manipulate objects and tools autonomously, to cooperate and communicate with other robots and humans, and to adapt to changing internal, environmental, and social conditions. clipped from www.youtube.com ITALK Project - interview with Angelo Cangelosi

Related:
ITALK - Integration and Transfer of Action and Language Knowledge in Robots
First Humanoid Robot That Will Develop Language May Be Coming Soon
BBC NEWS | UK | England | Devon | Plan to teach baby robot to talk
Plymouth expecting UK's first baby robot

True Artificial Intelligence in around 20 years

Ray Kurzweil expects that Artificial Intelligence will reach the level of humans - with its broad suppleness, including emotional intelligence - by the year 2029.

clipped from www.independent.co.uk Computers 'to match human brains by 2030' Machines will rapidly overtake humans in their intellectual abilities and will soon be able to solve some of the most intractable problems of the 21st century, said Dr Kurzweil, one of 18 maverick thinkers chosen to identify the greatest technological challenges facing humanity. His address yesterday to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) portrayed a future where machine intelligence will far surpass that of the human brain as they learn how to communicate, teach and replicate among themselves. clipped from news.bbc.co.uk Tiny machines could roam the body curing diseases We'll have intelligent nanobots go into our brains... to make us smarter "We'll have intelligent nanobots go into our brains through the capillaries and interact directly with our biological neurons," he told BBC News. The nanobots, he said, would "make us smarter, remember things better and automatically go into full emergent virtual reality environments through the nervous system".

Related,
BBC NEWS | Americas | Machines 'to match man by 2029'
Computers 'to match human brains by 2030' - News, Gadgets & Tech - Independent.co.uk
About Ray Kurzweil